Model Distribusi Spasial Habitat Elang Jawa (Nisaetus Bartelsi) yang Tersisa di Jawa Barat

Javan Hawk-Eagle (JHE, Nisaetus bartelsi) which is endemic raptor in the natural forests of Java, Indonesia is categorized as one of the endangered. Small population size, severe habitat loss, forest fragmentation, and illegal hunting have contributed to the ‘‘endangered'' status of this species. Moreover, conservation of this species has become a national priority. This study was being conducted because of the lack of information about the distribution of JHE's remnants habitat which caused the proposed conservation strategies for JHE become difficult. This study aimed for updating data of JHE's remnants habitat in West Java, analyzed its habitat patches distribution, and estimated the number of its populations. The previous study determined the habitat suitability probability modelling of JHE with used landsat images in 2002 at southern part of West Java. This study updated the model using the same logistic regression model equation in West Java overall. This study identified 17 remnant habitat patches (3 955 km2) scattered in West Java. The comparison with previous study showed that the size and number of patches was increased with the predicted number of JHE's populations were about 39-195 (median = 117) pairs in southern part of West Java. Based on the results, we offer three recommendations to increase the survival of JHE's habitat in West Java

Habitat characteristics of the Javan Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) in Alas Purwo National Park

Javan Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi), JHE is an endemic raptor in Java Island which is endangered and has been protected by law. Alas Purwo National Park (APNP) which is JHE's habitat in the lowlands. Limited information about JHE habitat preferences in APNP makes it difficult to develop a management plan for JHE habitat in accordance with its habitat preferences in nature. Purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the landscape and vegetation that affect the activity of JHE, so that it can be used for recommendations for the management of JHE habitat in APNP. The data collected consisted of landscape characteristics and vegetation characteristics obtained from manager interviews and observations. Characteristics of the nesting habitat landscape are distinguished by slope and elevation conditions. The nesting habitat has a slope of < 8% and an elevation of 36 - 74 masl and river flows are found. Meanwhile, hunting habitats are on a slope of < 8 % - 40 % and an elevation of 0 - 167 masl. The type of land cover in the form of natural forest is preferred by the JHE for nesting or hunting, and the habitat used is not far from human activities. Characteristics of vegetation in nesting and hunting habitats are distinguished by the presence of tall trees which are the preference of JHE nest trees. The architecture of rauh and stratum A models is preferred as nesting trees, while hunting trees mostly use A and B stratum trees with tree architecture dominated by the rauh model. The habitat used is also dominated by fruit trees which are favored by JHE prey. Recommendations for the management of the JHE habitat in APNP can be restoration by planting tree species that have A and B strata characters, rauh model tree architecture, and vegetation which is the food of JHE prey

Migratory behavior in landscape utilization by oriental honey-buzzard based on satellite tracking data in East Flores, Indonesia

Raptor migration is complex phenomenon of migration which involving of millions of individual birds flying hundreds or thousands kilometers, between breeding habitat and wintering habitat. Migratory behavior consisted of period, route, and other aspects that affect the ecology of migratory birds. Pernis ptylorhynchus, Oriental honey-buzzard (OHB) is one of migratory raptors which have satellite tracked by ARGOS since 2003. Eastern part of Flores Islands consisted of small islands (23 islands) were identified as OHB’s migratory path to reach their wintering habitats in Kupang and Timor Island. This study has aimed to identify and analyze the OHB’s migratory behavior in Eastern part of Flores Islands. Four individuals OHB have satellite tracked in the period of 2007-2012 were used as main data for analyzing their migratory behavior. There was no particular pattern found on the way of OHBs selected islands for their stopover site because of the existence of small islands cluster provide variety of route for each OHBs. The length of their stay found relatively constant every year and tend to be stay longer on larger islands than the smaller one such as Flores Island and Lembata Island. This is apparently due to the larger islands provide more food supply than smaller islands

Modeling the Wintering Habitat Distribution of Oriental Honey Buzzards in West Java Indonesia with Satellite Tracking Data Using Logistic Regression

Oriental honey buzzards (OHBs, Pernis ptilorhynchus) are one of migratory raptor from Japan to Indonesia which is widely recognized as indicator species reflecting the conditions of their habitat. Since 2003, OHBs have been satellite-tracked in their wintering grounds in Indonesia. Less information available on wintering areas in the west Java, which hampers the OHB conservation efforts. This paper proposes a new approach for predicting the probability models of the wintering habitat distribution of OHBs with the presence data derived from satellite tracking using logistic regression analysis coupled with RAMAS GIS. This spatial model was locally constructed from the data concerning Talaga Bodas and its surrounding areas and extrapolated for the entire West Java region. The best predicted probability model successfully characterized the distribution of the OHB wintering habitat using slope (25–40%), elevation (0–300 m and &gt;1,000 m), and land cover (forest, paddy field, and water body). The extrapolation model generated potential areas of the wintering habitat distribution covering an area of 3013.13 km2 (8.11% of West Java). These areas were predominantly located outside the protected areas (94.04%). The modeling approach proposed herein may be used to study other migratory species that are tracked using satellite or other navigation technologies

Forest and Peatland Fire Dynamics in South Sumatra Province

South Sumatra Province experiences forest and land fires every year. Peatland and human activity have caused this region to be more vulnerable to fire. In this study, we used annual mapping to describe the history of forest and land fires in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District of South Sumatra to analyze fire trends during the 2015-2019 period. Hotspot data were obtained from Terra/Aqua MODIS satellite imagery at all confidence levels. Burned areas were identified using the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) Index, with data sources from Landsat 8 satellite imagery obtained from the USGS (United States Geological Survey). The highest number of hotspots were detected in 2015 (33,748), with 72% was located on peatland. Historical analysis of hotspot numbers, shows that the majority of burning occurs in September and October. This indicates that prevention activities must be carried out more intensively before these months. Linear regression between annual hotspot numbers and rainfall was not significant. Hotspots indicative of forest and land fire in OKI District were more influenced by human activities. The largest burned area (993,999 ha) occurred in 2015. The 2015 El Niño event triggered drought and worsened forest and land fires in Indonesia. Although no El- Niño conditions occurred in 2016-2018, fires continued to occur in OKI District, showing their independence from extreme drought. The fires occurring on peatlands burned a large area during 2015-2019 indicating that forest and land fires management must become a top priority in OKI Distric

KAJIAN PERUBAHAN LAHAN MENJADI PERMUKIMAN DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) CILIWUNG BAGIAN HILIR

Ciliwung Watershed is one of watershed that across the Jakarta capital region. Ciliwung Watershed is categorized as super-priority watershed in Indonesia. The study was conducted in downstream of Ciliwung Watershed in Jakarta. This study aimed to analyze land cover changes from greenery open space to build up area in period of 1993-2013 and to analyze the distribution of settlement and its characteristics in the downstream of Ciliwung Watershed. LANDSAT images data of 1993 and 2013 were classified using supervised classification method to produce land cover map. The results of the map are analyzed spatially and descriptively to determine the changes. The greenery open space have changed into built up area about 70.07% during 20 years in the downstream of Ciliwung watershed. While, the settlement is dominated by the unplanned settlement (87.23%). Meanwhile, the settlements were dominated by unplanned settlements (87.23%) which characterized by linier settlement patterns, very lage size of settlement, low to medium building density, and good condition of insfrastructure. Five recommendations have provided for landscape managing of settlement in downstream of Ciliwung Watershed

Model spasial distribusi habitat orangutan kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) menggunakan logistik regresi di DAS Katingan

DAS Katingan merupakan salah satu habitat Orangutan Kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus wrumbii) yang saat ini berstatus Critically Endangered (IUCN 2016), dilindungi oleh peraturan pemerintah Indonesia (P.106 / 2018), dan termasuk dalam Apendiks 1 (CITES 2017). Kondisi habitat Orangutan Borneo semakin terancam oleh perubahan tutupan lahan. Pengelolaan habitat diperlukan untuk melindungi populasi Orangutan Kalimantan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat model distribusi habitat orangutan kalimantan di DAS Katingan serta memberikan rekomendasi manajemen habitatnya. Model kesesuaian habitat Orangutan Kalimantan menggunakan metode regresi logistik mendapatkan lima variabel lingkungan yang meliputi ketinggian, jarak dari situs budaya, jarak dari jalan, jarak dari pemukiman, dan NDVI. Tes Hosmer-Lemeshow menunjukkan nilai kelayakan sebesar 0.481 dengan Nagelker R2 = 0.866, dan validasi Kappa Accuracy 77%. Total kesesuaian habitat Orangutan Kalimantan di DAS Katingan adalah 1,250,174.35 ha (64.11% dari luas DAS Katingan). Habitat utama Orangutan Borneo teridentifikasi di Taman Nasional (TN), Hutan Lindung (HL), dan Kawasan Suaka Alam/Kawasan Pelestarian Alam (KSA/KPA) dengan luas 395,178.30 ha (31,66% dari total luas habitat). Habitat terisolasi yang diidentifikasi di timur laut DAS Katingan. Manajemen habitat dapat dilakukan dengan membuat koridor dengan lebar minimum 500 meter di areal berhutan.Katingan watershed is a one of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wrumbii) habitat that currently Critically Endangered status (IUCN 2016), and protected by Indonesian government regulations (P.106/2018), that included in Appendix 1 (CITES 2017). The condition of the Bornean Orangutan habitat is increasingly threatened by land cover changes. Management habitat is needed to protect the populations of Bornean Orangutan. The aim of this research was to develop the spatial distribution model of Bornean Orangutan habitat as a reference to habitat management. Habitat suitability model of Bornean Orangutan develop by logistic regression and based on five environmental variables covering elevation, distance from cultural sites, distance from roads, distance from settlements, and NDVI. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showing feasibility value was 0.481 with Nagelker R2=0.866, and Kappa Accuracy 77%. The total habitat suitability of Bornean Orangutan in the Katingan watershed was 1,250,174.35 ha (64.11% of the Katingan watershed area). The main habitat of Bornean Orangutan was identify in the National Park (TN), Protection Forest (HL), and Nature Reserve/Nature Conservation Area (KSA/KPA) with area 395,178.30 ha (31.66% of the total habitat area). Isolated habitat identified in the north-eastern of the Katingan watershed. Habitat corridor can be reform with minimum width 500 meters in forest areas

EFEKTIVITAS RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU SEBAGAI HABITAT BURUNG DI KOTA BOGOR DAN SEKITARNYA

Green open spaces can be potential habitats for birds in urban landscapes. Due to high number of land development, the green open spaces in urban landscapes tend to be small and scattered. Indeed, analysis about effectivity of green open spaces as bird habitats in Bogor City and its surroundings is needed. We investigated bird habitat patches on 14 locations in Bogor City and its surroundings. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of bird habitat patches for bird species richness using two variables (size and complexity). The data were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that there were no significant differences between bird species richness and size of patches. Conversely, there were significant differences between bird species richness and complexity of patches. The Pearson Correlation revealed that there were high correlation between bird species richness and complexity of patches. Finally, we propose three recommendations of green open spaces as bird habitat patches in Bogor City and its surroundings, such as protecting and managing both small and large bird habitat patches, increasing number of vegetation strata and number of vegetation in some strata in small bird habitat patches, and increasing number of vegetation in some strata in large bird habitat patch with low bird speciess richness.Green open spaces can be potential habitats for birds in urban landscapes. Due to high number of land development, the green open spaces in urban landscapes tend to be small and scattered. Indeed, analysis about effectivity of green open spaces as bird habitats in Bogor City and its surroundings is needed. We investigated bird habitat patches on 14 locations in Bogor City and its surroundings. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of bird habitat patches for bird species richness using two variables (size and complexity). The data were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that there were no significant differences between bird species richness and size of patches. Conversely, there were significant differences between bird species richness and complexity of patches. The Pearson Correlation revealed that there were high correlation between bird species richness and complexity of patches. Finally, we propose three recommendations of green open spaces as bird habitat patches in Bogor City and its surroundings, such as protecting and managing both small and large bird habitat patches, increasing number of vegetation strata and number of vegetation in some strata in small bird habitat patches, and increasing number of vegetation in some strata in large bird habitat patch with low bird speciess richness

HABITAT DISTRIBUTION MODELS OF FLORES HAWK-EAGLE (Nisaetus floris) IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA

Flores hawk-eagle (Nisaetus floris) was a Critically Endangered endemic raptor species in Lesser Sunda Region, especially in East Nusa Tenggara. The lack of information and difficulties in reaching the Flores hawk-eagle's distribution area have caused difficulties in conservation efforts for this species. One of the efforts that could be made was by spatial modeling distribution of Flores hawk-eagle habitat in East Nusa Tenggara based on GIS. Using habitat distribution spatial modeling could predict the potential place where a species can live. Logistic regression was one of the methods applied in animal distribution spatial modeling, where this method was considered to have better accuracy. Through the analysis, it was found that the potential habitat for Flores hawk-eagle was 6390.48 km2 (22%), and the non-potential habitat was 22,459.59 km 2 (78%). The habitat factors that determine the distribution of the Flores hawk-eagle include slope, altitude, rice fields, plantation, forests, and shrubs. The availability of nesting trees and food for Flores Hawk-eagles may influence the distribution of existing habitats. The results of the distribution mapping of the Flores Hawk-eagle can be used as a reference in efforts to manage the habitat of the Flores hawk-eagle in East Nusa Tenggara.&nbsp; Key words: Endemic Raptor, Habitat Modelling, Logistic Regression, Nisaetus floris, &nbsp;Species Priorit